explain the steps of PCR
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Answer:
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\huge\blue{\boxed{\tt PCR}}
PCR
The Polymerase chain reaction or PCR was originally invented by Kary Mullis in 1985 results in the selective amplification of the DNA (or RNA) present even as a single copy in initial preparation.
A single PCR amplification cycle involves three basic steps :-
\huge\underline{\tt Denaturation}
Denaturation
The target DNA is heated to a high temperature (usually 94° to 98° C ) resulting in the separation of the two strand . Each strand of the target DNA then act as template for DNA synthesis .
\huge\underline{\tt Annealing}
Annealing
The two oligonucleotide primers anneal (hybridize) to each of the single stranded DNA since sequence of the complementary to the 3' ends of the template DNA . This step is carried at a lower temperature (usually 40° to 60°) depending on the length and sequence of the primers .
\huge\underline{\tt Extension}
Extension
Taq Polymerase (from a thermophilic bacteria Thermus aquaticus ) synthesis the DNA region between the primers, using DNTPs (deoxynucleoside triphosphates) and Mg2+ . It means the primers are extended towards eachother so that the DNA segment lying between the two primers is copied. This Occurs at an optimum temperature of 72°C .
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Explanation:
What is PCR?
Polymerase chain reaction is a method widely used to rapidly make millions to billions of copies of a specific DNA sample, allowing scientists to take a very small sample of DNA and amplify it to a large enough amount to study in detail.
PCR used for-
PCR is used in molecular biology to make many copies of (amplify) small sections of DNA? or a gene?. Using PCR it is possible to generate thousands to millions of copies of a particular section of DNA from a very small amount of DNA. PCR is a common tool used in medical and biological research labs.
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