Explain the steps of sexual reproduction?
Answers
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Sexual Reproduction
Sexual reproduction is a natural way of reproduction in humans, animals and the majority of plants also choose to reproduce sexually. This type of reproduction is more complex and lengthy as compared to asexual reproduction. Moreover, reproducing sexually gives the benefit of variation and offsprings are unique. Sexual reproduction consists of a set of events and can be divided into three stages: Pre-fertilization, Fertilization, and Post-fertilization.
Pre-Fertilization
Pre-fertilization
This stage involves the events prior to fertilization. Gamete formation (gametogenesis) and transfer of gamete are the two processes that take place during this stage. Gametes are sex cells, which are haploid (23 chromosomes) in nature and are distinct in males and females. The male gamete is called sperm whereas female gamete is called ovum or egg. In every organism, these gametes are formed within special structures. Since female gamete is immobile, male gametes need to be transferred for fertilization.
In plants, this is attained by pollination. Unisexual animals transfer gametes by sexual intercourse.
Fertilization
Fertilization
Once the haploid male and female gametes meet and fuse together to form a zygote, this is known as fertilization or syngamy. This can occur either outside the body called external fertilization or inside the body called internal fertilization.
Refer more: Internal And External Fertilization
Post-Fertilization
Post-fertilization- Embryogenesis
Fertilization results in diploid zygote formation. Eventually, the zygote divides mitotically and develops as an embryo. This process is called embryogenesis. During embryogenesis, cell differentiates and modifies accordingly. Zygote development depends on the organism and its life cycle.
Oviparous and Viviparous
Animals are classified into oviparous and viviparous based on whether the zygote develops outside or inside the body respectively. In angiosperms, the zygote develops into the ovary and ovary transforms into the fruit while ovules develop into seeds.
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Explanation:
Sexual reproduction is a natural way of reproduction in humans, animals and also in the majority of plants. Sexual reproduction can be divided into three stages which are pre-fertilization, fertilization, and post-fertilization. Pre-fertilization involves the gamete formation and gamete transfer. Gametes are haploid cells. Male gamete is called sperm, whereas female gamete is called ovum or egg. Female gamete is immobile so male gametes need to be transferred for fertilization. Fertilization is the stage where haploid male and female gametes meet and fuse together to form a zygote. This can occur either outside the body (external fertilization) or inside the body (internal fertilization). After fertilization, the zygote divides mitotically and develops as an embryo by the process called embryogenesis. During embryogenesis, cell differentiates and modify. Animals are classified into oviparous and viviparous based on whether the zygote develops outside or inside the body respectively. Dogs are an example of viviparous animals and chickens are an example of oviparous animals.