explain the structure and function of neurone
Answers
Answer:
The structure of neuron: Nerve cells or neurons are the structural and functional units of the nervous system. It consists of three major parts namely, cell body, dendrites, axon.
Cell Body: It is irregular in shape or polyhedral. It contains cytoplasm and certain granular bodies called Nissl's granules which contain a group of ribosomes for protein synthesis.
Dendrites: Dendrites are short fibres which branch repeatedly and protrude out of the cell body. They transmit electrical impulse towards the cyton.
Axon: They are long fibres arising from the cell body with a branched distal end. It terminates in a synaptic knob. It is filled with neurotransmitters.
Parts of axon:
a. Axoplasm: It is the cytoplasm of an axon.
b. Myelin sheath: It is made up of many layers of Schwann cells.
c. Neurilemma: The outermost layer of Schwann cells.
d. Nodes of Ranvier: These are gaps left by a myelin sheath.
Function: The neurons are responsible for the conduction and transmission of the nerve impulses. The stimulus is received and carried by the sensory neurons, analysed and detected by the CNS. The response is given with the help of the motor neurons.
Answer:
Neuron Structure
A neuron varies in shape and size depending upon their function and location. All neurons have three different parts – dendrites, cell body and axon.
Parts of Neuron
Following are the different parts of a neuron:
Dendrites
These are branch-like structures that receive messages from other neurons and allow the transmission of messages to the cell body.
Cell Body
Each neuron has a cell body with a nucleus, Golgi body, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and other components.
Axon
Axon is a tube-like structure that carries electrical impulse from the cell body to the axon terminals that passes the impulse to another neuron.
Synapse
It is the chemical junction between the terminal of one neuron and dendrites of another neuron.
Neuron Functions
The important functions of a neuron are:
Chemical Synapse
In chemical synapses, the action potential affects other neurons through a gap present between two neurons known as the synapse. The action potential is carried along the axon to a postsynaptic ending that initiates the release of chemical messengers known as neurotransmitters. These neurotransmitters excite the postsynaptic neurons that generate an action potential of its own.
Electrical Synapse
When two neurons are connected by a gap junction, it results in an electrical synapse. These gaps include ion channels that help in the direct transmission of a positive electrical signal. These are much faster than chemical synapses.
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