Question

Explain the structure, location and function of the following tissues with diagram ; (a) parenchyma (b) collenchyma (C) sclerenchyma​

Answer 1

Answer:

(a) parenchyma

Parenchyma, in plants, tissue typically composed of living cells that are thin-walled, unspecialized in structure, and therefore adaptable, with differentiation, to various functions. The cells are found in many places throughout plant bodies and, given that they are alive, are actively involved in photosynthesis, secretion, food storage, and other activities of plant life. Parenchyma is one of the three main types of ground, or fundamental, tissue in plants, together with sclerenchyma (dead support tissues with thick walls) and collenchyma (living support tissues with irregular walls).

Functions:

Parenchyma makes up the chloroplast-laden mesophyll (internal layers) of leaves and the cortex (outer layers) and pith (innermost layers) of stems and roots; it also forms the soft tissues of fruits.

Cells of this type are also contained in xylem and phloem as transfer cells and as the bundle sheaths that surround the vascular strands.

Parenchyma tissue may be compact or have extensive spaces between the cells.

B) collenchyma:-

Answer: Collenchyma tissue is a living, flexible, simple permanent tissue.

A group of cells along with intercellular substances that perform a specific function is called tissue. The tissues that are completely grown and have lost the ability of division are known as permanent tissues.

Collenchyma

1) Cells are long and thick-walled.

2) The cell wall is made up of cellulose and pectin.

3) It is the only tissue with the highest refractive index due to the presence of pectin.

4) It is found in the epidermis and the vascular bundle of dicot leaf.

5) The amount of chloroplast is less in the cells.

6) The cells have no intercellular spaces.

C) sclerenchyma

sclerenchyma, in plants, support tissue composed of any of various kinds of hard woody cells. Mature sclerenchyma cells are usually dead cells that have heavily thickened secondary walls containing lignin. The cells are rigid and nonstretchable and are usually found in nongrowing regions of plant bodies, such as the bark or mature stems. Sclerenchyma is one of the three types of ground, or fundamental, tissue in plants; the other two types are parenchyma (living thin-walled tissue) and collenchyma (living support tissue with irregular walls). Sclerenchyma cells occur in many different shapes and sizes, but two main types occur: fibres and sclereids.

The major function of sclerenchyma is support. Unlike collenchyma, mature cells of this tissue are generally dead and have thick walls containing lignin. Their size, shape, and structure vary greatly.

Fibres are greatly elongated cells whose long, tapering ends interlock, thus providing maximum support to a plant. They often occur in bundles or strands and can be found almost anywhere in the plant body, including the stem, the roots, and the vascular bundles in leaves. Many of these fibres, including seed hairs, leaf fibres, and bast fibres, are important sources of raw material for textiles and other woven goods

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