Explain the structure of chloroplast with a neatly labeled sketch.
Answers
Explanation:
The chloroplast is a structure which is surrounded by two unit membranes separated from one another by a space called periplastideal space. The heterogeneous nature of chloroplast is due to the presence of disc-like structures i.e., grana, in a colourless matrix called stroma.
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EXPLANATION
Ultrastructure of chloroplast:
Chloroplasts in higher plants are oval or disc shaped.
They are 10 micro meter in length and 2 to 4 micro meter in diameter.
Chloroplasts have double membrane envelop, an outer membrane and an inner membrane. The space between the two membrane is called as inter-membrane space.
The inner amorphous mass of chloroplast is called as stroma. Small granule like structures called grana are suspended in the stroma.
Each grana are 0.5 to 2 micrometer in diameter and each chloroplast more than 50 grana.
Grana are made of flat structures called thylakoids stacked together, the inner space of thylakoids is called as thylakoid space and these thylakoids are stacked with the help of a membrane called stroma lamellae.
From inside the thylakoids small spherical structures emerge into stroma, and these structures contain a protein called CF1 which play an important role in the formation of ATP.
The stroma comprises of fine grains which are mainly starch grains or lipid granules which serve as lipid reservoir for the formation of thylakoid membrane.
Functions of chloroplasts:
Chloroplasts are the site where photosynthesis takes place.
They carry out light dependent and light independent mechanisms which convert solar energy into chemical energy.
