Question

Explain the structure of operating system in detail

Answer 1

An operating System is a kind of system software which acts as a medium in between of user and machine such as your computer.
An operating system mainly have four parts which are further divided. These are following:

Process Management

A process is an executing program. It has its code, data, a certain set of resources allocated to it, and one or more threads of execution through the code. The OS manages the allocation of resources to these processes, and also provides system calls to manage these processes.

Memory Management

Memory must be shared between the OS and an application program. The OS must manage the allocation of memory to processes and control the memory management hardware that determines which memory locations a process may access.

File System Management

Computers process information that must be transmitted, processed, or stored. File systems are an abstract organized collection of file system objects. The OS provides primitives to manipulate these objects.

Device Management

Information is sent through a computer’s input and output devices. Processes access these devices using the system call interface. The OS tries to manage said devices in a manner that makes them efficiently shared among all processes requiring them. A system call is a programming interface to the services provided by the OS, typically written in C/C++

Hope this will help you!

Answer 2

Answer:

An operating system is a framework that enables user application program to communicate with system hardware.

Explanation:

A kernel, possibly some servers, and possibly some user-level libraries make up an operating system. The kernel provides operating system services through a set of procedures that user processes can call using system calls. Because the operating system is such a complex structure, it should be created with extreme caution so that it can be easily used and modified. Making the operating system in pieces is a simple way to accomplish this.

• When system calls appear in a program, they appear to be procedure calls, but when they are invoked at run time, they transfer control to the kernel. (In Unix, read is an example of a system call.)

• The layered approach is one way to achieve modularity in the operating system. The hardware is on the bottom layer, and the user interface is on the top. Each upper layer is built on top of the bottom layer, as shown in the image. From their upper layers, all of the layers hide some structures, operations, and so on.

The operating system is made up of many different structures:

• Structure is straightforward.

• A single-minded approach.

• A multi-tiered strategy.

• Micro-kernels.