Question

Explain the structure of the cyano bacterial cell

Answer 1

$\bf\huge\color{red}{ANSWER}$

▶️ Structure of Cyanobacteria Cell :-

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Its Mucilage Sheath :-
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The cells and filaments of most cyanobacteria are generally surrounded by a mucilaginous sheath whose thickness, pigmentation, consistency, and nature is greatly influenced by environmental factors. It is considered that these microorganisms secrete the mucilage through pores present in their cell walls.

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It's Cell Wall :-
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The cell wall lies between the plasma membrane and the mucilage sheath. Like bacteria, peptidoglycan is the main consituent of the cyanobacterial cell wall. Ultra structurally, the wall consists of four layers (LI, LII, LIII, LIV) each of which is connected with the other one by a connection known as plasmodesma (pl. plasmodesmata). All cyanobacterial cell walls, like that of other prokaryotes, possess diaminopimelic acid.

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It's Plasma Membrane :-
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A typical cyanobacterial plasma membrane is 70Å thick. It is selectively permeable, lacks sterole such as cholesterol, and consists of a high proportion of protein to phospholipid (typically 2:1) like other prokaryotes.

It generally fuses with the photosynthetic lamellae and gives rise to inward folding’s in the cytoplasm; the folding’s are called lamellosomes or mesosomes. The latter are mostly similar in functions to mesosomes occurring in other prokaryotes.

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It's Cytoplasm :-
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The cytoplasm of cyanobacterial cell, like that of bacteria, is incredibly boring. It lacks eukaryotic organells such as chloroplasts, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies. But, it possesses photosynthetic apparatus, ribosomes, and a large number of subcellular inclusions such as glycogen or α-granules, polyphosphate bodies, polyhedral bodies, cyanophycin granules, and the genetic material.