Question

explain the synthesis and application of some common medicines eg chloroform, tincture of iodine aspirin medicine and acids and antioxidants

Answer 1

incture of iodine or iodine tincture is an antiseptic, it is also called weak iodine solution. It is usually 2–7% elemental iodine, along with potassium iodide or sodium iodide, dissolved in a mixture of ethanol and water. Tincture solutions are characterized by the presence of alcohol. It was used from 1908 in pre-operative skin preparation by surgeon Antonio Grossich.
 
chloroform 
 it is prepared from bleaching powder , the reaction is 
 CaOCl2 + H2O ----> Ca(OH)2 + Cl2 
CH3CH2OH + Cl2 ----> CH3CHO + HCl 
CH3CHO + Cl2 ----> CCl3CHO + HCl 
CCl3CHO + Ca(OH)2 ----> CHCl3 + (HCOO)Ca
the uses of chloroform are as follows 
1.  it is an anaesthetic  
2. It is used as a solvent for oils , fats , rubbers , resins etc 
3. It is a preservative  for anatomical specimens . 
4. it is used in medicines .

Aspirin is prepared from salicylic acid , the reaction is as follows
salicylic acid when treated with acetyl chloride gives aspirin 
the  chemical formula of aspirin is C6H4(OCOCH3)(COOH)
 the uses of aspirin is its a good analgesic and works in musscular aches, headache, cold, pain due to arthrities etc .
antioxidants : an anti oxidants are substances that can inhibit the oxidation of other molecules.The oxidation reaction produces free radicaals which leads to chain reaction causing damage to other cellls, antioxidants terminates these chaain reactions.