Question

Explain the term bio – diversity, and describe the bio-diversity of the Sunderbans.

Answer 1

Answer:

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Explanation:

The Sundarban Biosphere Reserve declared in 1989 is one among the three marine biosphere reserves in the country. The main objective of the marine biosphere reserve is protection, conservation and judicious utilization of the marine environment. The Sundarbans Project Tiger and National Park and the three Wildlife Sanctuaries namely Sajnekhali Wildlife Sanctuary, Lothian Island Sanctuary, Haliday Island Sanctuary are located within the biosphere reserve. The other areas in the reserve are habitations and cultivated fields. People living in these forest areas are predominantly either fishermen or farmers. The Sundarban Biosphere Reserve has been divided into two regions for effective management. They are the Sundarbans Tiger Reserve under the Field Director (Gosaba) and D.F.O Parganas South (Alipore).

Salient features of the Sundarbans Biosphere Reserve (SBR)

The Sundarbans Biosphere Reserve (SBR) stands distinguished from all the other mangrove sites in the world due to the following salient features, which are unique to this region:

The Sundarbans is the single largest mangrove forest in the world.

It is the only marshy mangrove tiger land in the World heritage site.

This region houses a very high biodiversity with unique flora and fauna.

The mangrove forest offers effective protection and acts as a natural barrier against storms and erosion.

Tidal amplitude and fluctuations of the Sundarbans mangroves is very high (7 m).

Sundarbans mangroves support coastal fisheries in the East Coast of India.

Sundarban Mangroves is a home to many endangered species.

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Answer 2

Explanation:

$\huge\bf\pink{Question࿐}$ Bio-diversity of India. Explain.

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1. India has a diversified relief and climate.

2. Similar diversity is seen in the wildlife in India.

3. In the entire world about 15 lakh species of wildlife is recorded of which 81,251 species are found in India.

4. These include reptiles, mammals, fish and other insects.

5. India has less forest cover compared to that its wildlife diversity is noticeable.

6. Asian elephant in peninsular rain forests, onehomed rhino in Swamp Brahmaputra river, Snowleopards in higher Himalayas. Wild goats and musk deer and found in Jammu and Kashmir.

7. Wild buffaloes are seen in forests of Southern India.

8. Tiger is found in Central India and West Bengal, Ghudkhar in Little Desertof Kutch and Flamingo in water logged Great Desert.

9. Great Indian Bustard is found in the grassland area. In the water lodges area, migratory birds from cold regions come down in great number. These include Siberian crane, Pelican, Tibetian duck, Junk, Karkara etc.

10. Flyingsquirrels are seen in the dense forests of western ghats, Nicobar dove in Nicobar islands, Rare species of corals are seen in the Gulf of Kutch and Lakshadweep island.

11. Various types of reptiles include King cobra, snakes, python, iguana.

12. Along sea coasts and other water bodies variousfishes, sea snakes, dolphin, shark, dugong, octopus, whale etc. are seen.

13. Explorations continue to identify other animals found in different forests. India is at sixth position among the countries rich in bio-diversity