Explain the term: Calendering.
Answers
Calendering is the last step of the paper manufacturing process that affects paper and board properties. Calenders are also used as pre-calenders before coating or size application. The main purpose of calendering is to improve the surface properties of paper and to control the caliper profile. Compaction of paper surface and its structure improves the surface properties, the most important of which are smoothness and gloss.
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Calendering of textiles is a finishing process used to smooth, coat, or thin a material. With textiles, fabric is passed between calender rollers at high temperatures and pressures. Calendering is used on fabrics such as moire to produce its watered effect and also on cambric and some types of sateens.