Question

Explain the term Inductive effect. Class 11 Chemistry

Answer 1

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→ Explain the term Inductive effect ?

=> It is a permanent effect which involves a slight drifting of shared sigma electrons towards more electro negative atom.

=> It arises when an e- withdrawing group is attached at the end of a carbon chain .


=> It operates only in saturated compounds which contain at least one polar bond.


=> It doesn't need any outside reagent for its operation .


=> It involves a partial separation of charges without formation of ions.


=> It is represented by an arrow . It Decreases as we move away from the atoms involved in the initial polar bond and becomes negligible from the fourth atom onwards .


→Types←
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=> - I effect : when an electron withdrawing group is attached at the end of carbon chain . For example : NO2 , CN


=> + I effect : when an electron donating group is attached at the end of carbon chain . For example , Alkalis.

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Answer 2

Explanation:

It involves the complete transfer of electrons of a multiple bond to one of the bonded atom in presence of an electron attacking reagent. It is called the E effect. This effect is temporary and takes place only in the presence of a reagent.