Question

Explain the term industrial system

Answer 1

Industrial systems

Classification of Industry

All jobs can be placed into one of the broad economic sectors: primary, secondary, tertiary, quarternary and quinary.

The primary sector directly exploits natural resources and is closely linked to nature. (basic production such as agriculture, forestry, mining and fishery)The secondary sector (such as sugar beet refining or iron industries) involves manufacturing or processing goods from raw materials.The tertiary sector provides services to the population (such as trade, banking, transport, education and healthcare)The quarternary sector involves research and development (eg. information technology).The quinary sector is top level management and decision-making (eg. CEO’s in a company or politics)

Often the quarternary industry and quinary industry are considered to be part of the tertiary sector.

Formal and informal sector

Formal employment: refers to employment where the employee has a formal contract, fixed work conditions and responsibilities, a fixed salary, set hours of work and legal protection. Formal employment is covered by a social security for health and life risks and is capital incentive.

Informal employment: refers to jobs without a contract, with unregulated hours and pay-exploitation, no social security system, no qualifications.

Employment structure in the industries

When employment in the primary sector decreases, employment in the tertiary sector increases and employment in the secondary sector increases (before falling back to almost the initial value).



Employment in primary, secondary and tertiary industries

Inputs, processes, outputs

Industries have inputs, processes and outputs.

Inputs are the raw materials that are to be used in the process to create an output.Processes are the actions that convert raw materials to finished goods.Outputs are the finished products and wastes obtained from manufacturing, processing, or other actions of conversion.

Factors that affect industrial location

Raw materials – industries with bulky raw materials – such as iron ore or coal – are usually located near the source of the input, as this reduces transport costs. eg. Coal industries are usually near coal mines (or alternatively close to ports that import coal).

Energy and water supply – Manufacturing industries that rely on large amouts of power or high quantities of water are often located in areas that provide cheap access.

Labour supply – factories are likely to locate where there are enough people seeking employment. Depending on the industry this may be a pool of unskilled labour, a large specialised workforce or a small highly skilled workforce.

Market – Companies that produce bulky materials prefer a site near their market, as this reduces the cost of transport.

Transport – Locations near major transport routes are often favoured by manufacturing and processing industries as these allow the import of raw materials and the export of finished goods.

Answer 2

Answer:

an industry is referred to as a system because it have several inputs, processes and outputs.

Explanation: