Explain the terms :-a)chromosome b)gene c)DNA d)generatic modified crop e)phloem f)notochord
Answers
Chromosome - A threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.
Gene - A gene is the basic physical and functional unit of heredity. Genes are made up of DNA. Some genes act as instructions to make molecules called proteins. However, many genes do not code for proteins.
DNA - Deoxyribonucleic acid is a molecule composed of two chains that coil around each other to form a double helix carrying the genetic instructions used in the growth, development, functioning, and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses.
Genetic modified crop - Genetically modified crops are plants used in agriculture, the DNA of which has been modified using genetic engineering methods. In most cases, the aim is to introduce a new trait to the plant which does not occur naturally in the species.
Phloem - In vascular plants, phloem is the living tissue that transports the soluble organic compounds made during photosynthesis and known as photosynthates, in particular the sugar sucrose, to parts of the plant where needed. This transport process is called translocation.
Notochord - a cartilaginous skeletal rod supporting the body in all embryonic and some adult chordate animals.
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a) A chromosome is a deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecule with part or all of the genetic material (genome) of an organism. Most eukaryotic chromosomes include packaging proteins which, aided by chaperone proteins, bind to and condense the DNA molecule to prevent it from becoming an unmanageable tangle.[1][2]
Chromosomes are normally visible under a light microscope only when the cell is undergoing the metaphase of cell division(where all chromosomes are aligned in the center of the cell in their condensed form).[3]Before this happens, every chromosome is copied once (S phase), and the copy is joined to the original by a centromere, resulting either in an X-shaped structure (pictured to the right) if the centromere is located in the middle of the chromosome or a two-arm structure if the centromere is located near one of the ends.
b) It is because a gene is comprised of nucleotides (on a specific site on a chromosome) that is responsible for the physical and heritable characteristics or phenotype of an organism. It therefore specifies the structure of a protein, and an RNA molecule. The genes make up the sequences of DNA (genotypes
c)Deoxyribonucleic acid is a molecule composed of two chains that coil around each other to form a double helix carrying the genetic instructions used in the growth, development, functioning, and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses
d)Genetically modified crops are plants used in agriculture, the DNA of which has been modified using genetic engineering methods. In most cases, the aim is to introduce a new trait to the plant which does not occur naturally in the species.
e)In vascular plants, phloem is the living tissue that transports the soluble organic compounds made during photosynthesis and known as photosynthates, in particular the sugar sucrose, to parts of the plant where needed. This transport process is called translocation.
f)In anatomy, the notochord is a flexible rod made out of a material similar to cartilage. If a species has a notochord at any stage of its life cycle, it is, by definition, a chordate. In vertebrates the notochord becomes part of the vertebral column. The notochord lies along the anteroposterior ("head to tail") axis, is usually closer to the ventral than the dorsalsurface of the animal, and is composed of cells derived from the mesoderm.