Question

explain the terms (d)kharaj and jizlya​

Answer 1

Answer:

Kharaj:-Kharāj is a type of individual Islamic tax on agricultural land and its produce developed under Islamic law.

Kharāj is a type of individual Islamic tax on agricultural land and its produce developed under Islamic law.With the first Muslim conquests in the 7th century, kharaj initially denoted a lump-sum duty levied upon the lands of conquered provinces, which was collected by hold-over officials of the defeated Byzantine Empire in the west and the Sassanid Empire in the east; later and more broadly, kharaj refers to the land tax levied by Muslim rulers on their non-Muslim subjects, collectively known as dhimmi. At that time, kharaj was synonymous with jizyah, which later emerged as a per head tax paid by the dhimmi. Muslim landowners, on the other hand, paid only ushr, a religious tithe on land, which carried a much lower rate of taxation and zakat.

Jizya:-Jizya or jizyah is a per capita yearly taxation historically levied in the form of financial charge on permanent non-Muslim subjects (dhimmi) of a state governed by Islamic law.Muslim jurists required adult, free, sane males among the dhimma community to pay the jizya, while exempting women, children, elders, handicapped, the ill, the insane, monks, hermits, slaves,and musta'mins—non-Muslim foreigners who only temporarily reside in Muslim lands.Dhimmis who chose to join military service were also exempted from payment,as were those who could not afford to pay.

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