Question

Explain the terms polarisation surface charges and molecular polarisability for a dielectric material.

Answer 1

A dielectric (or dielectric material) is an electrical insulator that can be polarized by an applied electric field. When a dielectric is placed in an electric field, electric charges do not flow through the material as they do in an electrical conductor but only slightly shift from their average equilibrium positions causing dielectric polarization. Because of dielectric polarization, positive charges are displaced in the direction of the field and negative charges shift in the opposite direction. This creates an internal electric field that reduces the overall field within the dielectric itself.[1] If a dielectric is composed of weakly bonded molecules, those molecules not only become polarized, but also reorient so that their symmetry axes align to the field.[1]

The study of dielectric properties concerns storage and dissipation of electric and magnetic energy in materials.[2][3][4] Dielectrics are important for explaining various phenomena in electronics, optics, solid-state physics, and cell biophysics.