explain the terms solute ,solvent and solution
Answers
A solute is the substance being dissolved in a mixture or solution. In both chemical and non-chemical settings, a solute may be called a substance.
The preparation of solutions or mixtures involves several components. The names of these components sound quite similar and as such often cause confusion.
1. Solution
2.Solvent
3.Solute
One way to remember the relationship between the components is that a solution is the result of one or more solutes that have been dissolved in a solvent. Ultimately, a solution is a homogeneous mixture of substances that form a single substance. At the completion of the process, the resulting solution has the same physical state as the solvent.
The solvent is the component of the solution that is responsible for dissolving the solutes. A solvent can be gaseous, liquid or solid and is usually the component of largest measurement in the solution.
The solute is the component that is dissolved in the solvent. A solution may have more than one solute at a time. It is important to recognize that solutes can also be in gas, liquid or solid form.
The way to distinguish between the solvent and the solute is to observe which component changes its form during the creation of the solution. If neither substance appears to change as the solution is formed, the component that is present in the smallest amount is the solute.
A solvent (from the Latin solvō, "loosen, untie, solve") is a substance that dissolves a solute (a chemically distinct liquid, solid or gas), resulting in a solution. A solvent is usually a liquid but can also be a solid, a gas, or a supercritical fluid. The quantity of solute that can dissolve in a specific volume of solvent varies with temperature. Common uses for organic solvents are in dry cleaning (e.g. tetrachloroethylene), as paint thinners (e.g. toluene, turpentine), as nail polish removers and glue solvents (acetone, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate), in spot removers (e.g. hexane, petrol ether), in detergents (citrus terpenes) and in perfumes (ethanol). Water is a solvent for polar molecules and the most common solvent used by living things; all the ions and proteins in a cell are dissolved in water within a cell. Solvents find various applications in chemical, pharmaceutical, oil, and gas industries, including in chemical syntheses and purification processes.
Solutions and solvation :
When one substance is dissolved into another, a solution is formed.[1] This is opposed to the situation when the compounds are insoluble like sand in water. In a solution, all of the ingredients are uniformly distributed at a molecular level and no residue remains. A solvent-solute mixture consists of a single phase with all solute molecules occurring as solvates (solvent-solute complexes), as opposed to separate continuous phases as in suspensions, emulsions and other types of non-solution mixtures. The ability of one compound to be dissolved in another is known as solubility; if this occurs in all proportions, it is called miscible.
In addition to mixing, the substances in a solution interact with each other at the molecular level. When something is dissolved, molecules of the solvent arrange around molecules of the solute. Heat transfer is involved and entropy is increased making the solution more thermodynamically stable than the solute and solvent separately. This arrangement is mediated by the respective chemical properties of the solvent and solute, such as hydrogen bonding, dipole moment and polarizability.[2] Solvation does not cause a chemical reaction or chemical configuration changes in the solute. However, solvation resembles a coordination complex formation reaction, often with considerable energetics (heat of solvation and entropy of solvation) and is thus far from a neutral process.