Explain the thermodynamics of biological systems.
Answers
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The laws of thermodynamics are important unifying principles of biology. These principles govern the chemical processes (metabolism) in all biological organisms. The First Law of Thermodynamics, also known as the law of conservation of energy, states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed. It may change from one form to another, but the energy in a closed system remains constant.
The Second Law of Thermodynamics states that when energy is transferred, there will be less energy available at the end of the transfer process than at the beginning. Due to entropy, which is the measure of disorder in a closed system, all of the available energy will not be useful to the organism. Entropy increases as energy is transferred.
In addition to the laws of thermodynamics, the cell theory, gene theory, evolution, and homeostasis form the basic principles that are the foundation for the study of life
Answer:
Depending upon the exchange of energy and
matter with the environment, thermodynamic sys-
tems are classified as open, closed or isolated.
A system that can freely exchange energy and
matter with its environment is called an open
system. Example: water boiling in an open vessel.
A system that can freely exchange energy but not
matter with its environment is called a closed
system. Example : water boiling in a closed vessel.
A system that cannot exchange energy as well as
matter with its environment is called an isolated
system. In practice it is impossible to realize an
isolated system as every object at a temperature
above 0 K emits energy in the form of radiation, and
no object can ever attain 0 K.
For many practical purposes, a thermos flask
containing a liquid can be considered an isolated
system.