explain the Thomson model of an atom briefly with diagram
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Thomson Model of an atom
The description of Thomson’s atomic model is one of the many scientific models of the atom. It was proposed by J.J Thomson in the year 1904 just after the discovery of electrons. However, at that time the atomic nucleus was yet to be discovered. So, he proposed a model on the basis of known properties available at that time. The known properties are:
Atoms are neutrally charged
Negatively charged particles called electrons are present in an atom. Learn about Charged particles in Matter in more detail here.
Thomson’s Atomic Model- Postulates
According to the postulates of Thomson’s atomic model, an atom resembles a sphere of positive charge with electrons (negatively charged particles) present inside the sphere.
The positive and negative charge is equal in magnitude and therefore an atom has no charge as a whole and is electrically neutral.
Thomson’s atomic model resembles a spherical plum pudding as well as a watermelon. It resembles a plum pudding because the electrons in the model look like the dry fruits embedded in a sphere of positive charge just like a spherical plum pudding. The model has also been compared to a watermelon because the red edible part of a watermelon was compared to the sphere having a positive charge and the black seeds filling the watermelon looked similar to the electrons inside the sphere.
Limitations of Thomson’s Atomic Model
Thomson’s atomic model failed to explain how the positive charge holds on the electrons inside the atom. It also failed to explain an atom’s stability.
The theory did not mention anything about the nucleus of an atom.
It was unable to explain the scattering experiment of Rutherford.
Conclusion
Even though Thomson’s atomic model was inaccurate and had a few drawbacks, it provided the base for several other atomic structure models afterward. It is one of the foundation models that led to significant and revolutionary inventions later.
The description of Thomson’s atomic model is one of the many scientific models of the atom. It was proposed by J.J Thomson in the year 1904 just after the discovery of electrons. However, at that time the atomic nucleus was yet to be discovered. So, he proposed a model on the basis of known properties available at that time. The known properties are:
Atoms are neutrally charged
Negatively charged particles called electrons are present in an atom. Learn about Charged particles in Matter in more detail here.
Thomson’s Atomic Model- Postulates
According to the postulates of Thomson’s atomic model, an atom resembles a sphere of positive charge with electrons (negatively charged particles) present inside the sphere.
The positive and negative charge is equal in magnitude and therefore an atom has no charge as a whole and is electrically neutral.
Thomson’s atomic model resembles a spherical plum pudding as well as a watermelon. It resembles a plum pudding because the electrons in the model look like the dry fruits embedded in a sphere of positive charge just like a spherical plum pudding. The model has also been compared to a watermelon because the red edible part of a watermelon was compared to the sphere having a positive charge and the black seeds filling the watermelon looked similar to the electrons inside the sphere.
Limitations of Thomson’s Atomic Model
Thomson’s atomic model failed to explain how the positive charge holds on the electrons inside the atom. It also failed to explain an atom’s stability.
The theory did not mention anything about the nucleus of an atom.
It was unable to explain the scattering experiment of Rutherford.
Conclusion
Even though Thomson’s atomic model was inaccurate and had a few drawbacks, it provided the base for several other atomic structure models afterward. It is one of the foundation models that led to significant and revolutionary inventions later.
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In Thomson's model, the atom is composed of electrons surrounded by a soup of positive charge to balance the electrons' negative charges, like negatively charged “plums” surrounded by positively charged “pudding”. The 1904 Thomson model was disproved by Hans Geiger's and Ernest Marsden's 1909 gold foil experiment.
1)Key Points:
The atom is a basic unit of matter that consists of a dense central nucleus surrounded by a cloud of negatively charged electrons.Scattered knowledge discovered by alchemists over the Middle Ages contributed to the discovery of atoms.Dalton established his atomic theory based on the fact that the masses of reactants in specific chemical reactions always have a particular mass ratio.
2)Key Terms:
Electromagnetic force: a long-range fundamental force that acts between charged bodies, mediated by the exchange of photonsAvogadro’s number: the number of constituent particles (usually atoms or molecules) in one mole of a given substance.
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1)Key Points:
The atom is a basic unit of matter that consists of a dense central nucleus surrounded by a cloud of negatively charged electrons.Scattered knowledge discovered by alchemists over the Middle Ages contributed to the discovery of atoms.Dalton established his atomic theory based on the fact that the masses of reactants in specific chemical reactions always have a particular mass ratio.
2)Key Terms:
Electromagnetic force: a long-range fundamental force that acts between charged bodies, mediated by the exchange of photonsAvogadro’s number: the number of constituent particles (usually atoms or molecules) in one mole of a given substance.
Hope my answer helps you. Please mark me as Brainliest.
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