Question

explain the three states of equilibrium

Answer 1

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STATES OF EQUILIBRIUM

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States of equilibrium

   There are three states of equilibrium:   Stable equilibrium 
   Unstable equilibrium
   Neutral equilibrium

Stable equilibrium

   When the center of gravity of a body lies below point of suspension or support, the body is said to be in    STABLE EQUILIBRIUM. For example a book lying on a table is in stable equilibrium.

Explanation

   A book lying on a horizontal surface is an example of stable equilibrium. If the book is lifted from one edge    and then allowed to fall, it will come back to its original position.
   Other examples of stable equilibrium are bodies lying on the floor such as chair, table etc.

Reason of stability

   When the book is lifted its center of gravity is raised . The line of action of weight passes through the    base of the book. A torque due to weight of the book brings it back to the original position.



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Unstable equilibrium

   When the center of gravity of a body lies above the point of suspension or support, the body is said to    be in unstable equilibrium

Example

   pencil standing on its point or a stick in vertically standing position.   Explanation:
   If thin rod standing vertically is slightly disturbed from its position it will not come back to its original    position. This type of equilibrium is called unstable equilibrium, other example of unstable equilibrium are    vertically standing cylinder and funnel etc.

Reason of instability

   when the rod is slightly disturbed its center of gravity is lowered . The line of action of its weight lies    outside the base of rod. The torque due to weight of the rod toppled it down.



Neutral equilibrium

   When the center of gravity of a body lies at the point of suspension or support, the body is said to be in    neutral equilibrium. Example: rolling ball.

Explanation

   If a ball is pushed slightly to roll, it will neither come back to its original nor it will roll forward rather it will    remain at rest. This type of equilibrium is called NEUTRAL EQUILIBRIUM.

Reason of neutral equilibrium

   If the ball is rolled, its center of gravity is neither raised nor lowered. This means that its center of gravity    is at the same height as before.

Answer 2

Equilibrium refers to the state in which neither the internal energy nor the movement of body changes or varies with time

Explanation for the answer:

• The 3 states of equilibrium are described below:
• Stable Equilibrium- “A body is said to be in a state of stable equilibrium if it returns to its original position after a modest tilt”, is the equilibrium state which is stable.
• Unstable Equilibrium- “A body is said to be in a state of unstable equilibrium if it does not return to its previous position when let free following the slightest tilt.”
• Neutral Equilibrium- “A body is said to be in a state of neutral equilibrium if it remains in its new position after being disturbed from its previous position.”

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