Question

Explain the type of soil erosion and describe the corrective measure to prevent the soil erosion

Answer 1

ANSWER:

The type of soil erosion:

Rainfall, and the surface runoff which may result from rainfall, produces four main types of soil erosion: splash erosion, sheet erosion, rill erosion, and gully erosion. ... If the soil is saturated, or if the rainfall rate is greater than the rate at which water can infiltrate into the soil, surface runoff occurs

Corrective measure to prevent the soil erosion:

• While there’s not much we can do about wind and rain, we can try some proven techniques of preventing soil erosion. The right technique (or combination of techniques) for your Texas farm or ranch property depends on the type of soil, topography, climatic conditions, and other factors. If you need assistance, contact your local Soil and Water Conservation District (SWCD) or your local AgriLife Extension County Office.

Crop Rotation:

Rotating in high-residue crops — such as corn, hay, and small grain — can reduce erosion as the layer of residue protects topsoil from being carried away by wind and water.

Conservation Tillage:

Conventional tillage produces a smooth surface that leaves soil vulnerable to erosion. Conservation tillage methods such as no-till planting, strip rotary tillage, chiseling, and disking leave more of the field surface covered with crop residue that protects the soil from eroding forces.

Contour Farming:

Planting in row patterns that run level around a hill — instead of up and down the slope — has been shown to reduce runoff and decrease the risk of water erosion.

Strip Farming:

In areas where a slope is particularly steep or there is no alternative method of preventing erosion, planting fields in long strips alternated in a crop rotation system (strip farming) has proven effective.

Terrace Farming:

Many farmers have successfully combated erosion by planting in flat areas created on hillsides in a step-like formation (terrace farming).

Grass Waterways:

By planting grass in areas of concentrated water flow, farmers can prevent much of the soil erosion that results from runoff, as the grass stabilizes the soil while still providing an outlet for drainage.

Diversion Structures:

Used often for gully control, diversion structures cause water to flow along a desired path and away from areas at high risk for erosion.

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