explain the underlying principle and working of an electric generator by drawing a labelled diagram what is the function of brushes
Answers
Answer:
brush is a device which conducts current between stationary wires and moving parts, most commonly in a rotating shaft.
Explanation:
Principle: Electric generator works on the principle of electromagnetic induction. It converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.
Construction: A loop ABCD is rotated in a permanent magnetic field. Its ends are connected with two semi-circular rings as shown in the figure below. These rings are insulated from each other and can slide while remaining in contact with brushes X and Y. A galvanometer is connected between the two ends of the brush.
Working: On rotating the loop in a magnetic field, the side AB moves upward and the side CD moves downwards. Thus magnetic flux linked with the loop changes and a current is induced in it whose direction can be determined by Flemings right hand rule.In the figure, the current is flowing through the path
B-A-G-D-C.
After half rotation, the ring P comes in contact with brush Y and the ring Q, comes in contact with brush X. Thus, the brush X is always in contact with the side moving upwards and brush Y is always in contact with side moving downwards as a result of which the current flows in one direction. This current is called direct current. This type of generator is called D.C. generator. Similarly, instead of a half ring, if a full ring is used then, A.C. current can be generated and such a generator is called an A.C. generator.
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Principle: An electric generator works on the principle of electromagnetic induction.
Working: Let the in the beginnings brushes are kept pressed separately on rings respectively. Let the axle attached to the rings is rotated such that arm AB of the coil moves up and arm CD moves down in the magnetic field. Due to rotation of arms AB and CD induced current are set up in them. As per Fleming’s right hand rule, induced current in these arms along the directions AB and CD respectively and current flows into.
After half rotation, arm AB moves downward and arms CD upward to change the direction opposite to first case. Thus, after every half rotation current changes its direction and an alternate current is obtained in the generator.
Brushes are kept pressed on the two slip rings separately. Outer ends of the brushes are connected to the galvanometer. Thus, brushes help in transferring current from the coil ABCD to external circuit.