explain the various elements of micro structure of film making
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Answer:
Micro Elements Micro elements consist of four things:
1. Cinematography Cinematography is the camera angles and movements. Different angles add a different effect to the scene. For example, a low angle makes the character on screen look powerful and a high angle makes the character look weak. Also a 360 degree shot makes the character look confused. The different camera angles are Low angles, High angles, Long shot, Wide shot, Close up, Extreme close up, Mid shot, Point of view and Over the shoulder. The different camera movements are Panning, Tilting, 360 degree, Steadicam, Tracking shot and Crane shot.
2. Low Angle= Power Wide shot= to see the surroundings High angle= submissive Mid shot= see character arm movements Long shot= centre of attention (power)
3. Point of view= allows audience to experience the movie through character’s eyes Over the shoulder= see chemistry between both characters in one shot Extreme close up= conceals identity and surroundings of characters Close up= see character’s facial expressions
4. Panning shot= shows setting Tracking shot Steadicam shot= puts audience in the movie
5. Titling shot= power Crane shot 360 degree shot= Confusion
6. Mise en scene Mise en scene is a term for what is in the shot. This includes the lighting, colours used, props and their placement, setting/location, makeup and costumes. All these factors make up the scene and enhances the effect the producer and director is trying to show the audience. An example is:
7. The red costume connotes danger and blood which alerts the audience. The low lighting used makes the scene look more eerie causing the audience to panic. The use of the crosses is an irony as in this scene there is an evil spirit, something that is not associated with Christianity. The pale makeup makes her seem ghastly to create distress in the audience. The house with broken furniture tells the audience that they are about to see something destructive and bad.
8. Sound There are different sounds that are included in film. Diegetic sounds are sounds that are made in the in the scene and the source it is coming from is visible to the audience for example, dialogue, music by characters and sounds made by objects in the scene e.g. footsteps.Non- diegetic sounds are sounds that come from a source not visible on the screen for example, background music and narrator commentary. Sound can be both off-screen and on-screen for example if the source of the sound is not shown on screen but is made in the studio for example someone shouting from the distance then it is an off- screen sound as it is not in the frame. An on-screen sound is when the source is seen in the frame for example the dialogue by a character talking to another character.
9. Editing There are different styles of editing. Editing links two shots together and there are times when there is movement from one shot to another, this is called a transition. There are many transitions, straight cut which is when it jumps from one shot to another shot with not effects, a fade which is when the screen goes black or white to show time passing, a dissolve to show the passing of time of that the scene showing is happening at the same time as the previous scene, wipe shots to show a jump in time and graphic shots which is when an object from the first shot turns into an object in the second shot for example in Psycho, the eye turns to a drain to show a possible link.
10. Editing Contd There are four different styles of continuity editing. This includes the shot reverse shot which occurs when you see a shot of the character in the centre of the frame looking at an object which u can see on the corner of the frame then you see a shot of the object in the centre and the person looking at it from the corner of the frame. There is a match-on-action shot which is when we see a character doing something that is continue over to another shot which is done by taking various shots of the exact same movement but putting the camera in different places. There is also the 180 degree rule which is an imaginary line which goes between two characters on screen and the camera, when broken it will look flipped so one character will start off on one side then change positions then back again which does not look good to the audience.
11. Editing Contd Finally, the eyeline match shot occurs when you see a shot of a character looking at an object which is off screen, then the camera cuts to a shot of the object.