Question

Explain the various kinds of executive

Answer 1

d five different kinds of executives: (1) Real and Nominal; (2) Single plural; (3) Hereditary, Elected and Nominated; (4) Political and Permanent; and Parliamentary and Non-Parliamentary. Each type needs some elaboration.

1. Real and Nominal Executives:

In a parliamentary form of government, a definite distinction is made between the nominal and real executive. The chief executive or of the state may be hereditary monarch as the British King or Queen, or an elected President as in India, but he exercises only nominal powers. Legally he possesses all powers the constitution, but in practice he exercises none of them.



2. Single and Plural:

Single executive is that in which executive authority is vested in one person. The President of the USA provides the best example of this type.

Council of Ministers or Cabinet in a parliamentary form of government falls under this category as it works like a team under the leadership of the Prime Minister. Where the executive authority is vested in a group of persons who share such authority it is known as plural or collective executive. The Federal Council of Switzerland consisting of seven members provides the best example of such executive. Almost all states have single executive except a few.

3. Hereditary, Elected and Nominated:

The executive is hereditary when its power is vested in a person according to hereditary principle. This type of executive is found in United Kingdom, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Belgium, Holland, Japan and Nepal.

4. Political and Permanent Executives:

The executive offices to which politicians are elected or appointed constitute the political executive. The chief executive and the ministers form this executive. The civil servants of all types, who are appointed through recruitment, are known as nonpolitical, permanent or 'career' executive.


5. Parliamentary and Non-Parliamentary:

Executive can be classified into parliamentary and non-parliamentary on the basis of the relation between the real executive and the legislature. In a parliamentary executive, the members of the executive are the members of the legislature.


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Answer 2

the various kinds of executive are -

1. Real and nominal - this implies the real power and nominal power enjoyed by the government official. like the elected President of India enjoys the nominal power where as the real power is with the Prime Minister of India.
2. Single and plural - single executive is where the responsibility lies upon one person whereas plural is distributed form of responsibility.
3. Hereditary, Elected and Nominated -  a person may inherit as a part of his lineage; he may be elected in a vote or nominated by a party.
4. Political and Permanent
5. Parliamentary and Non-Parliamentary.