Question

Explain the various layers of soil

Answer 1

$\huge\underline\green{\mathcal Answer :-}$

These layers called horizons, the sequence of layers is the soil profile. The layers of soil can easily be observed by their color and size of particles. The main layers of the soil are topsoil, subsoil and the parent rock. Each layer has its own characteristics.

Answer 2

The arrangement of the horizons/layers in the soil, is known as soil profile.

$\bf{Soil\:Horizons}$

$\star\sf\underline{O\:Horizon\:or\:Organic\:Layer}$

It is the top, organic layer of soil, made up mostly of leaf litter and humus.

$\star\sf\underline{A\:Horizons\:or\:Topsoil\:}$

Seed germinates and plants grow in this dark-coloured layer. It is made up of humus mixed with mineral particles.

$\star\sf\underline{B\:Horizon\:or\:Subsoil}$

It contains clay and mineral deposits like iron, aluminium oxide and calcium carbonate. It recieves them, from layers above it when mineralised water drips from the top.

$\star\sf\underline{C\:Horizon\:Weathered\:rock\:fragments}$

It consists of slightly broken-up bedrocks. Plant roots do not penetrate this layer and very little organic material is found in this layer.

$\star\sf\underline{R\:Horizons\:Bedrock}$

This consists of the unweathered rock layer called the bed rock. It exists beneath all other layers.