explain the various reforms carried out by prophet muhammad to consolidate the Arab empire (8)
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Explanation:Muslim conquests following Muhammad's death led to the creation of the caliphates, occupying a vast geographical area; conversion to Islam was boosted by missionary activities, particularly those of Imams, who intermingled with local populations to propagate the religious teachings.[1] These early caliphates, coupled with Muslim economics and trading and Islamic Golden Age and the later expansion of the Gunpowder Empires, resulted in Islam's spread outwards from Mecca towards the Indian, Atlantic, and Pacific Oceans and the creation of the Muslim world. Trading played an important role in the spread of Islam in several parts of the world, notably Indian traders in southeast Asia.[2][3]
Muslim dynasties were soon established and subsequent empires such as those of the Abbasids, Fatimids, Almoravids, Seljukids, Ajuran, Adal and Warsangali in Somalia, Delhi, Gujarat, Malwa, Deccan, Bahmani, and Bengal Sultanates, Mughals, Mysore, Nizams, and Nawabs of Bengal in the Indian subcontinent, Ghaznavids, Ghurids and Safavids in Persia and Ayyubids and Ottomans in Anatolia were among the largest and most powerful in the world. The people of the Islamic world created numerous sophisticated centers of culture and science with far-reaching mercantile networks, travelers, scientists, hunters, mathematicians, physicians, and philosophers, all contributing to the Golden Age of Islam. Islamic expansion in South and East Asia fostered cosmopolitan and eclectic Muslim cultures in the Indian subcontinent, Malaysia, Indonesia and China.[4]
As of 2015, there were 1.6 billion Muslims,[5][6] with one out of four people in the world being Muslim,[7] making Islam the second-largest religion.[8] Out of children born from 2010 to 2015, 31% were Muslim[9] and currently Islam is the world's fastest-growing major