Question

explain the Whittaker classification merits and demerits

Answer 1

Merits of R. H. Whittaker 5 Kingdom Classification

·          This system of classification looks more scientific and natural because of the following considerations:

·          It is largely the most accepted system of modern classification mainly because of the phylogenetic placing of different groups of living organisms

·          Separation of prokaryotes into an independent kingdom is justifiable because they differ from all other organisms in their general organization.

·          Grouping of all unicellular eukaryotes under the kingdom Protista has solved many problems, particularly related to the position of organisms like Euglena.

·          Elevation of the group fungi to the status of a kingdom is justifiable since fungi totally differ from other primitive eukaryotes like algae and protozoans.

·          The kingdoms plantae and animalia are now more homogeneous groups than they were in the two kingdom classification as it shows the phylogeny of different life styles.

·          The five-kingdom classification gives a clear indication of cellular organization and modes of nutrition, the characters which appeared very early in the evolution of life
Demerits of R. H. Whittaker 5 Kingdom Classification

·          The five-kingdom classification has certain drawbacks also, particularly with reference to the lower forms of life.

·          The kingdoms Monera and Protista include diverse, heterogeneous forms of life. In both the kingdoms there are photosynthetic (autotrophic) as well as non-photosynthetic (heterotrophic) organisms. Both the kingdoms include organisms which have cells with cell wall as well as without cell wall.

·          None of the three higher kingdoms include a single ancestor of all its forms.

·          Multicellular lines have originated from protistans several times.

·          Unicellular green algae like Volvox and Chlamydomonas have not been included under Protista because of their resemblance to other green algae.

·          Slime moulds differ totally from other members of Protista in their general organization.

·          Viruses have not been given proper place in this system of classification

Answer 2

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