Question

explain the working of a regular carbon dioxide based fire extinguisher

Answer 1

When the fire extinguisher is pressed it releases CO2 in huge amount which cuts off the supply of O2 thus extinguishing the fire.

Answer 2

In an carbon dioxide based extinguisher the carbon dioxide is freezed so that it could be stored easily but when comes in contact with heat produced by fire it melts and cut off the supply of oxygen and it is a fast process.
Hope this helps you