Explain them into brief marchantia funaria fern spirogyra
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Spirogyra
Spirogyrais a filamentous green alga that is seen in fresh water bodies such as ditches, ponds and lakes. It is commonly called water silk. Spirogyra measures approximately 10 to 100μm in width and may stretch centimetres long.
Each filament is unbranched and consists of cylindrical cells placed end to end. These cells have one or more beautiful spiral chloroplasts, so they appear dark green.
The cell wall is two layered and made up of cellulose and pectin. Pectin dissolves in water and makes the filament slimy to touch.
The cytoplasm lies in the periphery of the cell enclosing a vacuole at the centre. The nucleus is located in the centre of the cell and is suspended from strands of cytoplasm from the cell periphery.Funaria (Moss)
Moss grows on moist brick walls, on sidewalks, and as thick mats on forest floors. It is green, erect and is differentiated into leaves, axis and rhizoids. The main body of an adult plant is called a gametophyte. The rhizoids that anchor the plant are multicellular and branched with oblique septa.
Mosses are bisexual. The same plant bears the female reproductive organ (archegonia) and male reproductive organ (antheridia). Mosses reproduce in a unique way. The first generation moss, the gametophyte, produces a sperm and an egg that come together and grow into the next generation sporophyte. The female branch of the older moss plants bears the sporophyte that has no chlorophyll and lives on a gametophyte.
The sporophyte dries and releases spores that grow into a new generation of gametophytes. The sporophyte is the organ for asexual reproduction and consists of a foot, seta and capsule. The capsule is a beak like structure found on top of a thin stalk and produces the spores. Mosses show alternation of generation between gametophytic and sporophytic generations though the plant has a gametophyte dominant cycle.
fern
Ferns are found in humid and shady places, both in tropical and subtropical climates. They can also be found in aquatic habitats. Ferns are vascular plants having xylem and phloem. Like all vascular plants, they have stems, leaves and roots.
The stem is short, stout and mostly an underground creeping rhizome. In some species, the stem is above the ground and is erect and woody. From the adventitious buds on the stem arise large, compound leaves called fronds
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