Question

Explain three design issues in layered network architecture.

State and explain the steps of client-server interaction on a connection-oriented network.

In a layered architecture, explain how a layer is related to its top and bottom layers as well as the layers of another connected host.​

Answer 1

Answer:

1. Bit synchronization: The physical layer provides the synchronization of the bits by providing a clock. This clock controls both sender and receiver thus providing synchronization at bit level.

2. Bit rate control: The Physical layer also defines the transmission rate i.e. the number of bits sent per second.

3. Physical topologies: Physical layer specifies the way in which the different, devices/nodes are arranged in a network i.e. bus, star, or mesh topology.