explain three important wires live wires neutral wires Earth wires
Answers
Answer:-
In a household AC supply system independent of the country there are two wires required to supply single phase electricity.
These two wires connect to the two terminals of the generator, they will remain open at your end and you will connect a load between these wires that is when the circuit gets closed and current flows.
If it was as simple as that they would just be called as Terminal One and terminal Two.
However in reality the generator is far away and there are transformers in between and the voltages are stepped up transmitted and stepped down etc. If we were to use two wires for that distances it would be costly so we use earth (real earth, do not confuse this with earth wire in your house) as one wire from the generating station to your nearest transformer. The other wire is called as phase for reasons explained later in this answer. The voltage of the phase varies from minus 230V to plus 230V w.r.t the real earth (in India) at the output end of the transformer this is PHASE wire in your house. At the transformer near you a wire with the potential equal to earth is created and connected to your house this wire is called NEUTRAL. These two wires would be good enough for the devices to work.
Now coming to wiring in your house, it has one main switch that can cut off both PHASE and NEUTRAL. Other switches should be connected to the PHASE side and the neutral connected to the lamps/load/ sockets directly without a switch.
Now comes the safety angle
A) It is possible that the PHASE and NEUTRAL are interchanged by mistake, (yes it does happen and that is when your tubelights show a glow in the dark even when they are off). You could also get a shock on the socket even when the switch is off.
B) There is a leakage/ Fault current from some devices that can give you a shock.
Two avoid these you have a a third wire created at your premises called EARTH wire using a very low resistance heavy copper wire to connect each socket to a earth pit. This is connected to the Metallic body/chassis of the equipment. The most important fact is this connection is permanent without any switches anywhere. The heavy wire ensure that any leakage/fault current is transmitted to earth without a substantial voltage drop and you do not get a shock.
In reality instead of a single PHASE their are three PHASES which have a equal Phase difference between their AC cycle. This is required for rotating equipment like motors to be efficient and simple to construct. That is where the word PHASE has its origin.
Note : I think The terms Live, Neutral and Earth have been changed later in the question they mean same as Phase, neutral and Earth in my answer.
Answer:
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