Explain three steps of dark reaction in plants
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Calvin Cycle (Dark Reaction) - Expii There are three steps, called carbon fixation, reduction, and regeneration. The Calvin cycle occurs in the stroma of the chloroplast and only occurs when light is available. The dark reactions do not require light to function, but they do require the products of the light dependent reaction.
Hello friends.
This diagram shows the reactants and products after 3 turns of the Calvin cycle.
Photosynthesis consists of two parts. The first requires sunlight. The second doesn't.
The Calvin cycle is also called dark reactions or light-independent reactions because it doesn't need sunlight to happen. This is where plants make sugar molecules that they can use to make other essential components, and that all other organisms can use for energy.
The Calvin cycle takes place within the stroma of the chloroplast.
The cycle uses ATP and NADPH synthesized in the light-dependent reactions drive its reactions forward. So although the cycle itself doesn't use light energy, it does depend on the light reactions to provide it with ATP and NADPH.
A series of reactions outline the cycle:
The cycle begins when carbon dioxide (CO
2
) from the atmosphere enters plant cells. An enzyme called rubisco catylizes the first reaction, where CO
2
binds to a specific 5-carbon molecule called ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP). This reaction creates a 6-carbon molecule which then splits into two 3-carbon molecules. This part of the cycle is a form of carbon fixation. This just means that inorganic carbon is converted to organic molecules, like sugar!
The high energy products from the light reactions are used in the next reaction. ATP and NADH donate electrons to the 3-carbon molecules, which are converted to a 3-carbon sugar called glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P).
Some of these G3P molecules leave the cycle to form glucose molecules. These will be used by the plant during cellular respiration. Three turns of the cycle are needed for one G3P molecule to exit the cycle. Glucose is made of 6 carbons, so 2 G3P molecules are needed to make 1 glucose molecule.
After 3 turns of the cycle, this leaves 5 more G3P molecules which are recycled. This allows the cycle to continue! ATP is used to convert the leftover G3P into the molecules that can bind incoming carbon dioxide and restart the cycle.
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