explain topics live wire Earth wire and neutral wire in easy simple words
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Any one-phase low-voltage electrical distribution system which adheres to the applicable electrical installation guidelines, should necessarily include these three wires:
Live Wire: Also known as the “hot lead” (touching it will result in an electrical shock) and with a potential above ground - usually 120 volts in North America -, it carries the supply current to the load. According to the recommendations put forth by the National Electrical Code (NEC), its insulating sleeve should be black. Whatever interrupting device (fuse, switch, breaker) should be placed over this wire.
Neutral Wire: Also known as the “cold lead” (no shock will be felt if touched), its potential is nearly zero volts. Its sole function is carrying the return current from the load back to the energy supply. The NEC recommendation calls for a white-colored insulator. Absolutely NO interrupting device should be ever placed over a neutral conductor; doing such a thing amounts to criminal negligence.
Earth Wire: Or “grounding lead”, owing to it being connected to a grounding rod, it provides a fail-safe return path to ground in case of an equipment malfunction, in order to avoid any personal or material damage from happening due to an abnormal condition. The grounding prod in the plug attached to the equipment power cord and the round inlet in the polarized electrical outlet provides a grounding path for the electrical appliance’s chassis and ensure a safe working environment. Although its potential is zero volts, as well, the usage of this earth wire as a make-shift neutral for the load current-return path violates the “good practice” recommendations put forth by NEC. In addition, its insulating sleeve should be of a green/yellow striped pattern, although solid green might be acceptable. In the same fashion as with the neutral wire, this grounding wire should be NEVER interrupted by whatever control or protection device.
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Live Wire: Also known as the “hot lead” (touching it will result in an electrical shock) and with a potential above ground - usually 120 volts in North America -, it carries the supply current to the load. According to the recommendations put forth by the National Electrical Code (NEC), its insulating sleeve should be black. Whatever interrupting device (fuse, switch, breaker) should be placed over this wire.
Neutral Wire: Also known as the “cold lead” (no shock will be felt if touched), its potential is nearly zero volts. Its sole function is carrying the return current from the load back to the energy supply. The NEC recommendation calls for a white-colored insulator. Absolutely NO interrupting device should be ever placed over a neutral conductor; doing such a thing amounts to criminal negligence.
Earth Wire: Or “grounding lead”, owing to it being connected to a grounding rod, it provides a fail-safe return path to ground in case of an equipment malfunction, in order to avoid any personal or material damage from happening due to an abnormal condition. The grounding prod in the plug attached to the equipment power cord and the round inlet in the polarized electrical outlet provides a grounding path for the electrical appliance’s chassis and ensure a safe working environment. Although its potential is zero volts, as well, the usage of this earth wire as a make-shift neutral for the load current-return path violates the “good practice” recommendations put forth by NEC. In addition, its insulating sleeve should be of a green/yellow striped pattern, although solid green might be acceptable. In the same fashion as with the neutral wire, this grounding wire should be NEVER interrupted by whatever control or protection device.
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