Question

Explain transmission control protocol connection establishment and release process.

Answer 1

The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is one of the main protocols of the Internet protocol suite. It originated in the initial network implementation in which it complemented the Internet Protocol (IP). Therefore, the entire suite is commonly referred to as TCP/IP. TCP provides reliable, ordered, and error-checked delivery of a stream of octets (bytes) between applications running on hosts communicating via an IP network. Major internet applications such as the World Wide Web, email, remote administration, and file transfer rely on TCP. Applications that do not require reliable data stream service may use the User Datagram Protocol (UDP), which provides a connectionless datagram service that emphasizes reduced latency over reliability.

Answer 2

Transmission control protocol connection establishment and release process:

Connection Establishment:

• TCP uses 3 way handshake.

• The client sends an SYN to the server having the initial sequence number.

• The server binds and listen at a port to start the connection. This establishement called a passive open.

• Once the passive connection is established the client be active open.

• The server sends a SYN-ACK , having the sequence number from server side an Acknowledgment of the client request.

• At last the Client sends an Acknowledgment to the server and the transfer of data starts.

Connection Release:

• When the client wants to end the connection it sends the FIN bit set to 1  to the Server and enters in waiting mode.

• The Server when receiving the packet sends an ACK packet.

• When the client receives the ACK packet and moves to waiting mode waiting for FIN bit set to 0.

• The server then sends FIN bit to the client.

• When the client receives the FIN segment, the client sends an acknowledgment to the server.

Learn more about TCP and UDP

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