Explain under ground mining.
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Answers
Answer:
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Explanation:
Underground hard rock mining refers to various underground mining techniques used to excavate hard minerals, usually those containing metals such as ore containing gold, silver, iron, copper, zinc, nickel, tin and lead, but also involves using the same techniques for excavating ores of gems such as diamonds or rubies.
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Answer:
Underground mining is used to extract ore from below the surface of the earth safely, economically and with as little waste as possible. The entry from the surface to an underground mine may be through a horizontal or vertical tunnel, known as an adit, shaft or decline.
Underground mining is practical when:
- The ore body is too deep to mine profitably by open pit.
- The grades or quality of the orebody are high enough to cover costs.
- Underground mining has a lower ground footprint than open pit mining.
The underground mining methods we use include room and pillar, narrow vein stoping and large-scale mechanised mining.
Room and pillar mining is a style of mining where tunnels are driven in a chess board pattern with massive square pillars between them which are gradually cut away as the work proceeds. We use this for mining coal.
Narrow vein stoping is performed in an underground excavation along geological ‘veins’ — distinct sheet-like bodies of crystallized minerals within a rock – where the mineral is mined and removed. To support underground mine stoping, we also have to make excavations for engine rooms and pump chambers or for access purposes such as shafts, drives, winzes and raises. We use this for mining platinum.
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