Question

Explain various types of tropism with the help of examples

Answer 1

Types of Tropism

Phototropism

Many photosynthetic animals produce their food from sunlight. Therefore, sunlight has evolved as a stimulus for many organisms. Many of these organisms move

towards the light. This positive phototropism causes organisms to move toward the light. Many algae, plankton, and small invertebrates exhibit positive phototaxis. This brings them to the same area in the ocean, which contains by far the most

light. Even organisms that are not photosynthetic have developed this tropism, which moves them to the same water column as their prey items. Other organisms may exhibit a negative reaction to light, and try to move away from it. .



Heliotropism

A similar phenomena occurs in land plants. Terrestrial plants are restricted in their movements, due to their roots. Instead, plants orient their leaves toward the sun, to collect the most sunlight. This tropism is similar to phototropism, but the

position of organism cannot change. Instead, the plant turns its leave by reducing or increasing turgor pressure, or water pressure, in individual cells. This can be seen in many crops, such as sunflowers, corn, and even garden flowers

.

Chemotropism

A widely spread tropism in the animal kingdom is chemotropism, or the tendency to turn or move towards or away from a specific chemical substance. Some single-celled organisms use different chemotropisms for different purposes. For example, one chemical might signal a mate, while another signals a dangerous or

unpleasant area. These simple organisms will simply move towards or away from stimuli in the direction that has been most evolutionarily rewarding to their ancestors.


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