explain water and land pollution
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Answer:
Water and soil pollution are two of the five basic categories of environmental pollution. The other three are air, noise and light. Pollution occurs when a material is added to a body of water or an area of land that adversely affects it. Once pollution exists, returning the water and soil to its previously unpolluted state often proves difficult.
Water Pollution Basics
Water pollution can strike any body of water, including rivers, lakes and oceans. The polluting substance often proves to be man-made waste, such as household garbage or commercial refuse resulting from manufacturing waste or agricultural run off. Water pollution endangers marine creatures that live in water and those that depend on it, marine plants, and nearby human populations that depend on the water as a natural resource.
Soil Pollution Basics
Soil pollution can arise from a number of sources, including when farmers use an excessive amount of fertilizer and other chemicals on their land. Often soil pollution arises from the spilling or leaking of waste into the ground, such as an oil spill, or seepage from a landfill or even radioactive contamination. Damage to an underground tank that is storing toxic chemicals can also be the source of the problem. Polluted soil can be a serious threat to humans who come in contact with the soil or eat food grown in it.
Soil Pollution's Impact on Water
Sometimes soil pollution can contribute to the pollution of water. This occurs through surface runoff, often when it rains and polluted soil is carried to nearby bodies of water. This is a common problem near farmlands, where fertilizers and manures are used to help crops grow. Soil pollution can also infect water when the polluted soil leaches into groundwater, such as into wells and other drinking water sources.
Water Pollution's Impact on Soil
Just as polluted soil can infect water, polluted water can infect soil. Acid rain, which is the result of polluted air, can fall on the soil, polluting it. Or a farmer can use a polluted water source to irrigate crops, ultimately endangering the crops by polluting the soil that they depend on for life.
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