Question

explain why acetyl chloride undergoes nucleophilic substitution much more readily than ethyl chloride​

Answer 1

Answer:

Explanation:

Solution :

(a) RCOCl is more reactive than RCl because :

(i) The electromeric effect of (C=O) in RCOCl . C is more positive and more electrophilic than C in (R−Cl).

(ii) The T.S (transition state) in acid derivative is tetrahedral intermediate and is less sterically hindered than the T.S with pentavalent C in the SN2 reaction of RCl.

(iii) In RCOCl, a weaker π−bond is broken while in RCl, a σ−bond is partically broken to form alkyl T.S.

(b) The test is used to detect ester an anhydride groups. Esters and anhydrides react with hydroxylamine (NH2OH) to form hydroxamic acid (RCONHOH), which gives red-to-violet coloured complex with FeCl3.

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                                                -Jai