Explain why the focal length changes in the water
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The focal length of a lens is very much affected when immersed in water. The reason is that the angle of refraction is dependent on the relative difference between the indices of refraction of the incoming medium and the medium of the lens.
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more the refractive index more the light beam bend away from normal while travelling from high density medium to low density medium and hence focal length is less. refractive index for lens immersed in water is less than that of lens in air, so according to the refractive index value focal length will shift.
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