Question

Explain with examples (i) Atomic number, (ii) Mass number, (iii) Isotopes and (iv) Isobars. Give any two uses of isotopes.​

Answer 1

Answer:

1.The atomic number or proton number of a chemical element is the number of protons found in the nucleus of every atom of that element. The atomic number uniquely identifies a chemical element. It is identical to the charge number of the nucleus.

Example: Helium has an atomic number of 2 since it has two protons in its nucleus. Lithium has an atomic number of 3 since it has three protons in its nucleus. The mass number is the total number of neutrons and protons in the nucleus of the atom.

2.The mass number is commonly cited in distinguishing among the isotopes of an element, all of which have the same atomic number (number of protons) and are represented by the same literal symbol;

for example, the two best known isotopes of uranium (those with mass numbers 235 and 238) are designated uranium-235 ( ...

3.Isotopes are variants of a particular chemical element which differ in neutron number, and consequently in nucleon number. All isotopes of a given element have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons in each atom.

For example, an isotope with 6 protons and 6 neutrons is carbon-12 or C-12. An isotope with 6 protons and 7 neutrons is carbon-13 or C-16. Note the mass number of two isotopes may be the same, even though they are different elements. For example, you could have carbon-14 and nitrogen-14.

4.Isobars are atoms of different chemical elements that have the same number of nucleons. Correspondingly, isobars differ in atomic number but have the same mass number. An example of a series of isobars would be ⁴⁰S, ⁴⁰Cl, ⁴⁰Ar, ⁴⁰K, and ⁴⁰Ca.

5.Radioactive isotopes have many useful applications. In medicine, for example, cobalt-60 is extensively employed as a radiation source to arrest the development of cancer. Other radioactive isotopes are used as tracers for diagnostic purposes as well as in research on metabolic processes.

Explanation:

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Answer 2

Answer:

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