Question

Explain with examples the regional variation in climate over various parts of India

Answer 1

There are regional variations in the climatic conditions of India which can be understood with the help of the following examples — (a) The months of December and January are the coldest in Northern India where the temperature ranges between 10°-15°. (b) In summer, the mercury occasionally touches 50°C in some parts of the Rajasthan desert, whereas it might be around 20°C in pahalgam In Jammu and Kashmir. (c) On a winter night temperature at Drass in Jammu and Kashmir may be as low as minus 40°C. Tiruvananthapuram on the other hand may have a temperature of 22° C. (d) Annual precipitation varies from over 400 cm in Meghalaya to less than 10 cm in Ladakh and western Rajasthan. In the Himalayas precipitation is in the form of snowfall. (e) Coastal region does not experience much variation in temperature pattern due to the moderating influence of the sea.

Answer 2

Answer:

In India many regional variations in climatic conditions are found due to its vast size. But due to the influence of monsoons India has a broad Unity .

Many factors like location , altitude , distance from the Sea, general relief produce regional variation in pattern of winds, temperature and rainfall.

The example given below illustrate the climatic differences:

i) Temperature:

Barmer( Rajasthan) has recorded the highest the temperature 50° C in summer and 15° C at night while hilly region like Gulmarg( Kashmir) have a day temperature of 20°C in June.

The winter temperatures at Dras & Kargil (Leh)

drops as low as - 45°C on the other hand Chennai may record only 20°C in December.

The annual range of temperature is about 12°C at Cochin while it is about 40°C in Punjab. Coastal regions have almost uniform temperature throughout the year.

ii) Rainfall:

The striking differences are found in rainfall pattern. Mawsynram (Meghalaya) annual rainfall of 1140 CM is the rainiest place in the world while Jaisalmer( Rajasthan) rarely gets more than 12 centimetre of annual rainfall and Leh gets only 10 cm rainfall.

The Western Coastal plain gets rain Storms while the Coromandel coast remains dry. when the Brahmaputra valley is submerged in floods it brings drought in Bihar

iii) Monsoons:

The dates of onset and withdrawal of monsoon differ in various parts. The West Coast get monsoon in the first week of June while interior parts like Punjab the monsoon by the first week of July.

iv) Seasons:

The southern part of the country have uniformly high temperature throughout the year. There is no winter season in the south. on the other hand seasonal extremes are found in the north. In Summer Heat wave is produced called Loo where as a cold wave is felt in winter.

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Explanation: