Question

explain with suitable example of four process of observation learning. How does imitation help in observing learning?

Answer 1

The four stages of observational learning are:

AttentionRetentionProductionMotivation

Examples of observational learning include:

An infant learns to make and understand facial expressionsA child learns to chewAfter witnessing an older sibling being punished for taking a cookie without asking, the younger child does not take cookies without permission

#imitation helps in observation learning
Two experiments were used to investigate the scope of imitation by testing whether 36-month-olds can learn to produce a categorization strategy through observation. After witnessing an adult sort a set of objects by a visible property (their color; Experiment 1) or a nonvisible property (the particular sounds produced when the objects were shaken; Experiment 2), children showed significantly more sorting by those dimensions relative to children in control groups, including a control in which children saw the sorted endstate but not the intentional sorting demonstration. The results show that 36-month-olds can do more than imitate the literal behaviors they see; they also abstract and imitate rules that they see another person use.

Answer 2

Bandura theorized that observational learning occurs in four distinct steps: attention, retention, motor reproduction and reinforcement. These four concepts used in sequence allow organisms to acquire the ability to engage in new, at times complex, behaviors simply through observation

example
Human Observational Learning. ... For example: A child may learn to smoke, fight, smack, swear and similar other inappropriate behaviors by observing poor role models. Albert Bandura claims that the observer could learn both positive and negative behaviors through observational learning.