Question

explain working of hope Apparatus (principle,diagram working and use)

Answer 1

Hope's apparatus is a glass cylinder encircled with a trough half-way up to contain a freezing mixture. Holes in the cylinder at the top and the bottom allow thermometers to be inserted into the water to sample its temperature. After a sufficient length of time the more densey water collects at the bottom at a temperature of 4°C. 

   The reference below gives graphs of Hope's experiments (in his paper he only gave tables), plus additional experiments run by the author in 1981.