Explaine road safety using impulse and momentum?
Answers
Newton's first law tells us that an object in motion stays in motion, and an object at rest stays at rest unless acted upon a net force
The first law of motion affects us when we are in a moving vehicle because, no matter how fast the car is moving, we will be moving that fast also. Things have the tendency to keep doing what they are currently doing.
Inertia is the tendency to resist the change in motion. So, if you crash your car into something, your body will resist the change in motion and, unless something else stops it first, your body will crash into the object at the same speed that the car crashed into the object. This part is where the seatbelt and airbags comes into play.
Seatbelts and airbags can help protect people from this danger. Seatbelts safely provide a net force that can stop or slow down your body and airbags works by increasing the time of impact and decreasing the force of impact that will stop you from getting hurt or being killed.
Newton's Second Law of Acceleration:
Newton's second law tells us that the greater the mass of the object being accelerated, the greater the amount of force needed to accelerate the object.
You may realize that a car with less mass are easier to accelerate because they have less inertia than the cars with bigger mass. If the mass is greater, then the car will be harder to accelerate.
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The reason behind this is explained in Newton’s Second Law. The mass of a truck is much greater than a car, which means that the truck requires more force to accelerate it at the same amount than a standard car. If you were driving a car 65 mph on a freeway for 40 miles, you will undoubtedly use more gasoline than if you were to drive at the same speed for the same distance in a truck.
Newton's Third Law of Interaction:
Newton's third law tells us that when you push against something it pushes back on you with an equal and opposite force. It is the law of action and reaction. There will be a reaction force even if the object is non-living.
Newtons law of Interaction applies to driving when a car hits a wall the wall will also hits the car. When both cars crashed they will experience equal and opposite forces and they also have identical time of impact. However, because they have different masses they will experience different changes in velocity or acceleration.
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Importance of Seatbelt:
When a car stops suddenly due to a collision with another object such as another car, a tree, pole, etc. The car's acceleration decreases very quickly in a short period of time. This is called deceleration.
The job of the seatbelt is to hold the passenger in place so the passenger is almost part of the car which prevents the passenger from flying forward as the car stops abruptly in the case of a collision. The seatbelt applies the stopping force across a large section of the body so the damage is reduced.
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Importance of Airbag:
Objects in a car have mass, speed and direction. If the object, such as a person, is not secured in the car they will continue moving in the same direction (forward) with the same speed (the speed the car was going) when the car abruptly stops until a force acts on them. Every object has momentum. Momentum is the product of a passenger's mass and velocity (speed with a direction). In order to stop the passenger's momentum they have to be acted on by a force. In some situations the passenger hits into the dashboard or windshield which acts as a force stopping them but injuring them at the same time.
An airbag provides a force over time. This is known as impulse. The more time the force has to act on the passenger to slow them down, the less damage caused to the passenger. The purpose of an airbag is to help the passenger in the car reduce their speed in collision without getting injured.