Question

Explained how in sexually reproducing organisms the no. Of chromosomes in the progeny is maintained ?

Answer 1

In sexually reproducing organisms, the gametes undergo meiosis, and hence, each gamete contains only half a set of chromosomes. When two gametes fuse, the zygote formed contains the full set of chromosomes. Hence, the formation of gametes by meiosis helps to maintain the number of chromosomes in the progeny

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Answer 2

Sexual reproduction occurs through meiosis which is a reducing division.

Firstly, the gametes of each parent have only 1/2 set of chromosomes. Because, after the gamete mother cells undergo meiosis, the daughter cells are haploid.

When fertilisation occurs, these two gametes, one from mother and one from father form a zygote that has complete set of chromosomes, i.e., diploid.

So, by reducing chromosome number to half in every parent to form haploid gametes and then joining these two halves during fertilisation, results in all 23 pairs of chromosomes in the progeny.

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