Question

Explan major water pollution and effluents....


No silly Answer required .
No Google answer required...

Answer 1

Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies, usually as a result of human activities. Water bodies include for example lakes, rivers, oceans, aquifers and groundwater. Water pollution results when contaminants are introduced into the natural environment. For example, releasing inadequately treated wastewater into natural water bodies can lead to degradation of aquatic ecosystems. In turn, this can lead to public health problems for people living downstream. They may use the same polluted river water for drinking or bathing or irrigation. Water pollution is the leading worldwide cause of death and disease, e.g. due to water-borne diseases.

Water pollution can be grouped into surface water pollution. Marine pollution and nutrient pollution are subsets of water pollution. Sources of water pollution are either point sources and non-point sources. Point sources have one identifiable cause of the pollution, such as a storm drain, wastewater treatment plant or stream. Non-point sources are more diffuse, such as agricultural runoff. Pollution is the result of the cumulative effect over time. All plants and organisms living in or being exposed to polluted water bodies can be impacted. The effects can damage individual species and impact the natural biological communities they are part of.

The causes of water pollution include a wide range of chemicals and pathogens as well as physical parameters. Contaminants may include organic and inorganic substances. Elevated temperatures can also lead to polluted water. A common cause of thermal pollution is the use of water as a coolant by power plants and industrial manufacturers. Elevated water temperatures decrease oxygen levels, which can kill fish and alter food chain composition, reduce species biodiversity, and foster invasion by new thermophilic species.

Water pollution is measured by analysing water samples. Physical, chemical and biological tests can be done. Control of water pollution requires appropriate infrastructure and management plans. The infrastructure may include wastewater treatment plants. Sewage treatment plants and industrial wastewater treatment plants are usually required to protect water bodies from untreated wastewater. Agricultural wastewater treatment for farms, and erosion control from construction sites can also help prevent water pollution. Nature-based solutions are another approach to prevent water pollution. Effective control of urban runoff includes reducing speed and quantity of flow. In the United States, best management practices for water pollution include approaches to reduce the quantity of water and improve water quality.

Answer 2

$\textbf{Major \:Water \: Pollution\:and\: Effluents }$.

$\underline\bold{Dissolved \: salts }$: Water from different sources contain different kind of salt dissolved in it . The amount and type of salt dissolved in it depend upon the source of water but when the percentage of any of these increase harmful effect are felt.

for example increase in fluoride contents in water cause a disease known as fluorosis . This disease is very common in some part of Rajasthan Haryana and Andhra Pradesh government is taking necessary steps to combat it .

$\underline\bold{Industrial \:waste}$: Industries at the chief cause of water pollution. all the major cities of India are situated on the bank of some rivers or the other . the industrial waste mix with the water and make it impure and unfit for human consumption. all the major cities Drone their water for drinking purpose from the rivers .

$\underline\bold{Hot\: water}$: many Industries release hot water in nearby rivers . the cause serious thermal pollution . river water loses much of its oxygen with the result that decomposition of organic matter is slowed down considerably .

$\underline\bold{Eutrophication}$: Inorganic fertilizers which are added to the crop find way into streams river lakes and ponds where it makes the water very much in rich in nitrogenous nutrient. drinking of such water cause serious health hazards.

$\underline\bold{Poisonous\: insecticide \:and\: pesticides}$: to kill the pest poisonous insecticide and pesticides are sprayed on the crops. these find bear weigh in water bodies from there through water change certain oil soluble poison like DDT which the higher tropic level including human being causing serious health hazards.