explore tea industry
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Modern tea comes from Camellia sinensis, a tree native to China and India. In today’s commercial tea trade there are three main varieties of Camellia sinensis : China, Assam (northeastern India), and Cambodia, each named for the area in which it was first grown commercially. The China variety is a hardy, 3-meter-high bush with a useful lifespan of one hundred years. The Assam and Cambodia varieties are tall single-stem trees with a commercial life of forty years. Typically, tea trees are kept short through frequent trimming for easy plucking (i.e., the picking of tea leaves). Although tea can be grown in a variety of agroclimatic conditions, the best teas are grown at altitudes between 1,000 and 2,000 meters.
Green leaf, the farm product, is sent for processing at tea factories and becomes made tea —sometimes called black tea or dry tea —the internationally traded commodity. Tea companies then blend tea from various origins to make what is often called packed tea, the beverage that consumers drink. The ratio of green leaf to made tea is about five to one, that is 5 kilograms of green leaf are required to make 1 kilogram of made tea. Three processing methods are used to convert green leaf to three types of made tea: black, green, and oolong (Forrest 1985).
To make black tea, tea leaves are spread on racks to dry and then put through a machine that breaks up the leaf cells, frees the oils, and ejects a twisted lump of leaves. These are sent to a fermenting room, where they are spread thinly and left to absorb oxygen. The leaves are then exposed to a continuous blast of hot dry air for fifteen to thirty minutes, which turns them black. Black tea accounts for three-quarters of global tea output and is supplied mostly by East African and South Asian countries.
Green tea has a less processed flavor than black tea. The leaves are steamed and heated immediately after plucking. Because the leaves are dried without going through fermentation, they remain green. After being separated by grade, the leaves are packed in chests lined with aluminum foil. Green tea, which accounts for a quarter of global tea output, is supplied primarily by China and to a lesser degree by Japan, Vietnam, and Indonesia.
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Answer:
varieties of tea available in the world.