External processes shape the relief created by internal processes. External agents carry out this process: water, ice, wind, atmosphere and human beings. They include all the changes that alter or wear down the rocks and deposit materials resulting from erosion.
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The Earth's surface has been subjected to numerous changes and phenomena known as geological processes. Cliff erosion, a volcanic eruption, or sedimentation at a mouth of a river are examples of these geological processes. The geological agents responsible for these processes are: waves, the internal heat of the Earth, or rivers.
Geological agents and processes are classified as internal and external.
Internal geological agents and processes are drive by the heat that is stored in the Earth's interior. They usually occur far from the surface. The main internal geological agent is the movement of the lithospheric plates. The most evident and catastrophic events caused by this movement are Earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. Others are the movement of the continents, the opening of new seas and the closing of old ones, or the formation of mountain ranges.
It can be said that internal geological processes build the Earth's relief.
External geological agents and processes affect the Earth's surface. They are powered by solar energy. External processes shape the relief created by internal processes. External agents carry out this process: water, ice, wind, atmosphere and human beings. They include all the changes that alter or wear down the rocks and deposit materials resulting from erosion.
Internal agents and processes tend to lift and build the Earth's relief from the interior. External agents and processes tend to destroy and shape the Earth's relief.
Although processes such as volcanic eruptions and earthquakes affect the Earth's surface, they clearly originate in the Earth's interior. Therefore, they are internal processes.