extra notes of geo ch 2 class 9
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Answer:CBSE Class 9 Revision Notes Geography Physical Features of India
Location
• India has all major physical features of the Earth, i.e. mountains, plains, deserts, plateaus and islands.
• In India the soil colour varies from place to place as it is formed from different types of rocks.
• India is a large landmass formed during different geological periods.
• India’s relief features are outcome of other processes like weathering, erosion and deposition.
• India has varied physical features whose formation can be explained on the basis of the ‘Theory of Plate Tectonics’.
• The physical features of India can be grouped under the following physiographic divisions :
(i) The Himalayan Mountains.
(ii) The Northern Plains
(iii) The Peninsular Plateau
(iv) The Indian Desert
(v) The Coastal Plains
(vi) The Islands
The Himalayan Mountains
• The Himalayas are young-fold mountains which are the loftiest and one of the most rugged mountain barriers of the world.
• The Himalayas are 2400 km long, 400 km to 150 km wide from Kashmir to Arunachal Pradesh respectively.
• The Himalayas have three parallel ranges in the longitudinal extent namely :
— Great or Inner Himalayas also called Himadri. It is the highest mountain range with average height 6000 m.
— Outer Himalayas or Shivalik. It is outermost range with 900 to 1100 m average altitude.
The longitudinal valley lying between and lesser Himalaya and Shiwaliks are known as Duns.
• The Himalayas can be divided into four sections :
— Punjab Himalayas — between Indus and Satluj.
— Kumaon Himalayas — between Satluj and Kali.
— Nepal Himalayas — between Kali and the Tista.
— Assam Himalayas (Eastern Himalayas) — Between Tista and the Dibang (Tsangpo).
The Northern Plains
• It is formed by the interplay of the three major river systems – the Indus, the Ganga and the Brahmaputra.
• The Northern Plains spread over an area of 7 lakh sq. km, 240 km long and 240 km to 320 km broad.
— Bhabar — laying at the foot of Shiwaliks, a narrow 8 to 16 km wide belt of pebbles.
—Terai — lying next to Bhabar, a wet and marshy area with wildlife and forests.
—Bangar — Older alluvium plain which rises above the level of the flood plains.
— Khadar — Younger alluvium of the flood plains.
The Peninsular Plateau
• The Peninsular Plateau is the tableland formed due to the breaking and drifting of the Gondwana land.
• It is composed of the old crystalline, igneous and metamorphic rocks.
• The plateau consists of two broad divisions, namely, the Central Highlands and the Deccan Plateau.
• Central highlands lie north to river Narmada.
The Indian Desert
• The undulating sandy plain covered with sand dunes towards the western margins of the Aravalli Hills is the Indian Desert.
• Crescent shaped dunes called barchans cover large parts of the Indian Desert.
• It has a very less rainfall around 150 mm.
• Luni is the only large river in this region.
The Coastal Plains
• The narrow coastal strips flank the Peninsular Plateau.
• On the west the coastal strips are divided into Konkan (Mumbai-Goa), Kannad Plain and the Malabar coast from northern to southern part.
• The plains along the Bay of Bengal are wide and level.
The Islands
• The Lakshadweep Islands group in the Arabian Sea is close to Kerala.
• The Lakshadweep Islands were formerly known as Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindive.
• The Andaman and Nicobar Islands are an elongated chain of islands located in the Bay of Bengal.
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ch 1 geo class 9th
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