Extra questions of french revolution history edu mantra
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Q.1. Discuss the fall of Bastille.
Ans: On the morning of 14 July 1789, the city of Paris was in a state of alarm. The king had commanded troops to move into the city. Rumours spread that he would soon order the army to open fire upon the citizens. Some 7,000 men and women gathered in front of the town hall and decided to form a people’s militia. They broke into a number of government buildings in search of arms. Finally, a group of several hundred people marched towards the eastern part of the city and stormed the fortress-prison, the Bastille, where they hoped to find hoarded ammunition. In the armed fight that followed, the commander of the Bastille was killed and the prisoners were released.
Q.2. Why was the prison of Bastille hated by all?
Ans: The Bastille was hated by all because it stood for the despotic power of the king.
Q.3. Why were the people protesting in Paris?
Ans: Most people were protesting against the high price of bread.
Q.4. When did Louis XVI ascend the throne of France?
Ans: In 1774, Louis XVI of the Bourbon family of kings ascended the throne of France. He was 20 years old.
Q.5. Whom did Louis XVI marry?
Ans: Louis XVI married to the Austrian princess Marie Antoinette.
Q.6. What did the new king find upon his ascension?
Ans: Upon his accession the new king found an empty treasury. Long years of war had drained the financial resources of France. Added to this was the cost of maintaining an extravagant court at the immense palace of Versailles.
Q.7. Who was common enemy of France and America?
Ans: Britain was common enemy of France and America.
Q.8. Why was France forced to increase the taxes?
Ans: Under Louis XVI, France helped the thirteen American colonies to gain their independence from the common enemy, Britain. The war added more than a billion livres to a debt that had already risen to more than 2 billion livres. Lenders, who gave the state credit, now began to charge 10 per cent interest on loans. So the French government was obliged to spend an increasing percentage of its budget on interest payments alone. To meet its regular expenses, such as the cost of maintaining an army, the court, running government offices or universities, the state was forced to increase taxes.
Q.9. During the eighteenth century, France was divided into how many classes?
Ans: French society in the eighteenth century was divided into three estates, and only members of the third estate paid taxes.
Q.10. What did the first estate comprise of?
Ans: The first estate comprised of clergy.
Q.11. What did the second estate consist of?
Ans: The second estate consisted of nobility.
Q.12. Who was included in the third estate?
Ans: Big businessmen, merchants, court officials, lawyers, peasants and artisans etc. were included in the third estate.
Q.13. Which term is usually used to describe the society and institutions of France before 1789?
Ans: The society of estates was part of the feudal system that dated back to the middle ages. The term Old Regime is usually used to describe the society and institutions of France before 1789.
Q.14. Who owned the lands in French society?
Ans: Peasants made up about 90 per cent of the population. However, only a small number of them owned the land they cultivated. About 60 per cent of the land was owned by nobles, the Church and other richer members of the third estate.
Q.15. Which privileges was enjoyed by the first two estates?
Ans: The members of the first two estates, that is, the clergy and the nobility, enjoyed certain privileges by birth. The most important of these was exemption from paying taxes to the state. The nobles further enjoyed feudal privileges. These included feudal dues, which they extracted from the peasants. Peasants were obliged to render services to the lord, to work in his house and fields to serve in the army or to participate in building roads.
Q.16. What was the tax collected by Church known as?
Ans: The Church too extracted its share of taxes called tithes from the peasants.
Q.17. The burden of financing the state’s activities fell on the third estate. Explain.
Ans: All members of the third estate had to pay taxes to the state as well as the Church. These included a direct tax, called taille, and a number of indirect taxes which were levied on articles of everyday consumption like salt or tobacco. The burden of financing activities of the state through taxes was borne by the third estate alone.
Q.18. What is Livre?
Ans: Livre was unit of currency in France, it was discontinued in 1794.
Q.19. What is meant by Subsistence crisis?
Ans: Subsistence crisis is an extreme situation where the basic means of livelihood are endangered.
Ans: On the morning of 14 July 1789, the city of Paris was in a state of alarm. The king had commanded troops to move into the city. Rumours spread that he would soon order the army to open fire upon the citizens. Some 7,000 men and women gathered in front of the town hall and decided to form a people’s militia. They broke into a number of government buildings in search of arms. Finally, a group of several hundred people marched towards the eastern part of the city and stormed the fortress-prison, the Bastille, where they hoped to find hoarded ammunition. In the armed fight that followed, the commander of the Bastille was killed and the prisoners were released.
Q.2. Why was the prison of Bastille hated by all?
Ans: The Bastille was hated by all because it stood for the despotic power of the king.
Q.3. Why were the people protesting in Paris?
Ans: Most people were protesting against the high price of bread.
Q.4. When did Louis XVI ascend the throne of France?
Ans: In 1774, Louis XVI of the Bourbon family of kings ascended the throne of France. He was 20 years old.
Q.5. Whom did Louis XVI marry?
Ans: Louis XVI married to the Austrian princess Marie Antoinette.
Q.6. What did the new king find upon his ascension?
Ans: Upon his accession the new king found an empty treasury. Long years of war had drained the financial resources of France. Added to this was the cost of maintaining an extravagant court at the immense palace of Versailles.
Q.7. Who was common enemy of France and America?
Ans: Britain was common enemy of France and America.
Q.8. Why was France forced to increase the taxes?
Ans: Under Louis XVI, France helped the thirteen American colonies to gain their independence from the common enemy, Britain. The war added more than a billion livres to a debt that had already risen to more than 2 billion livres. Lenders, who gave the state credit, now began to charge 10 per cent interest on loans. So the French government was obliged to spend an increasing percentage of its budget on interest payments alone. To meet its regular expenses, such as the cost of maintaining an army, the court, running government offices or universities, the state was forced to increase taxes.
Q.9. During the eighteenth century, France was divided into how many classes?
Ans: French society in the eighteenth century was divided into three estates, and only members of the third estate paid taxes.
Q.10. What did the first estate comprise of?
Ans: The first estate comprised of clergy.
Q.11. What did the second estate consist of?
Ans: The second estate consisted of nobility.
Q.12. Who was included in the third estate?
Ans: Big businessmen, merchants, court officials, lawyers, peasants and artisans etc. were included in the third estate.
Q.13. Which term is usually used to describe the society and institutions of France before 1789?
Ans: The society of estates was part of the feudal system that dated back to the middle ages. The term Old Regime is usually used to describe the society and institutions of France before 1789.
Q.14. Who owned the lands in French society?
Ans: Peasants made up about 90 per cent of the population. However, only a small number of them owned the land they cultivated. About 60 per cent of the land was owned by nobles, the Church and other richer members of the third estate.
Q.15. Which privileges was enjoyed by the first two estates?
Ans: The members of the first two estates, that is, the clergy and the nobility, enjoyed certain privileges by birth. The most important of these was exemption from paying taxes to the state. The nobles further enjoyed feudal privileges. These included feudal dues, which they extracted from the peasants. Peasants were obliged to render services to the lord, to work in his house and fields to serve in the army or to participate in building roads.
Q.16. What was the tax collected by Church known as?
Ans: The Church too extracted its share of taxes called tithes from the peasants.
Q.17. The burden of financing the state’s activities fell on the third estate. Explain.
Ans: All members of the third estate had to pay taxes to the state as well as the Church. These included a direct tax, called taille, and a number of indirect taxes which were levied on articles of everyday consumption like salt or tobacco. The burden of financing activities of the state through taxes was borne by the third estate alone.
Q.18. What is Livre?
Ans: Livre was unit of currency in France, it was discontinued in 1794.
Q.19. What is meant by Subsistence crisis?
Ans: Subsistence crisis is an extreme situation where the basic means of livelihood are endangered.
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