Question

F.
Answer in one or two paragraphs.
1. How is the soil prepared for cultivation? What implements are required for this
process?
2. Differentiate between manure and fertilisers.
3. Write short notes on sprinkler irrigation and drip irrigation methods.
4. What is weeding? How is it done?
5. How are the grains stored?
6. What steps can be taken to ensure crop protection?​

Answer 1

Answer:

(1) The soil is watered before sowing. Agricultural Implements in Preparation of Soil: Wooden or iron plough or hoe.

...

Purpose of Ploughing:

Loosened soil allows the roots to penetrate deep into the soil and allows them to breathe easily.

Loosened soil helps in the growth of earthworms and microbes in the soil.

(2) Manures and fertilizers are soil additives that improve the soil quality, helping plants to grow. The main difference between the two is that manure is all-natural animal droppings while fertilizer may be natural but may also have chemicals and other unknown substances added to it.

(3) Drip irrigation is a type of micro-irrigation system that has the potential to save water and nutrients by allowing water to drip slowly to the roots of plants, either from above the soil surface or buried below the surface. The goal is to place water directly into the root zone and minimize evaporation.

(4)The unwanted plants that grow in-between crops are called weeds. The process of removal of such unwanted plants is called weeding. It has to be done 2-3 times in a week, and usually practised during the earlier stages of crop cultivation. ... The weeds compete with the actual crop for space, nutrients and water.

(5)Heat, air and moisture are the enemies of whole grains. All whole grains should be stored in airtight containers with tight-fitting lids or closures. The type of container is a matter of preference. Glass, plastic, and aluminum canisters or zip-top plastic bags can all be successfully used, as long as they are airtight.

(6) Crop protection encompasses:

Pesticide-based approaches such as herbicides, insecticides and fungicides.

Biological pest control approaches such as cover crops, trap crops and beetle banks.

Barrier-based approaches such as agrotextiles and bird netting.

Animal psychology-based approaches such as bird scarers.

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Answer 2

Answer:

1 :In agriculture, ploughing, levelling, and manuring are the three steps of soil preparation. Ploughing includes loosening and digging of soil. During ploughing, the soil becomes loose and the nutrients in deep soil come to the top.May 25, 2020

2 :The main difference between the two is that manure is all-natural animal droppings while fertilizer may be natural but may also have chemicals and other unknown substances added to it.

3: In drip irrigation water is directly given to the roots and stem of plant drop by drop ,where as in sprinkler system using pipe like structure with rootating nozzel is used to give water to the plant

4: The process of removing unwanted plant called weeds that grow with the crop is called weeding . It is usually done through manual methods in which weeds are simply removed by hand and through insects and fertilizers in which insects that feed on weed are used and fertilizers that will weed are used

5: Heat, air and moisture are the enemies of whole grains. All whole grains should be stored in airtight containers with tight-fitting lids or closures. The type of container is a matter of preference. Glass, plastic, and aluminum canisters or zip-top plastic bags can all be successfully used, as long as they are airtight.

6: Crop protection encompasses:

•Pesticide-based approaches such as herbicides, insecticides and fungicides.

•Biological pest control approaches such as cover crops, trap crops and beetle banks.

•Barrier-based approaches such as agrotextiles and bird netting.

•Animal psychology-based approaches such as bird scarers.